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Table 1 Effects of rutin on physical and biochemical parameters of urine

From: Protective effects of rutin against potassium bromate induced nephrotoxicity in rats

Treatment

pH

Specific gravity

Urea (mg/dl)

Creatinine (mg/dl)

Creatinine clearance (ml/min)

Control

7.2±0.07++

1.2±0.02++

93.0±2.0++

38.0±1.34++

3.4±1.3++

Saline (0.5 ml/kg bw; 0.9% NaCl)

7.1±0.04++

1.1±0.01++

91.0±3.25++

36.2±0.09++

3.3±0.8++

KBrO3 (20 mg/kg bw)

6.3±0.08**

1.8±0.05 **

195.30±3.98++

86.7±3.89**

1.1±1.9**

KBrO3+Rutin (50 mg/kg bw)

6.7±0.10++

1.2±0.07++

110.0±2.01*++

53.5±1.52++

2.7±1.6*++

KBrO3+Rutin (70 mg/kg bw)

7.0±0.03++

1.2±0.04++

103.1±3.5++

46.3±2.31++

3.1±1.3++

Rutin alone (70 mg/kg bw)

7.1±0.04++

1.2±0.06++

92.2±3.0++

39.1±1.03++

3.5±0.3++

Treatment

RBC/μl

WBC/μl

Protein (mg/dl)

Albumin (mg/dl)

Urobilinogen (mg/dl)

Control

0.02±0.00++

16.0±1.81++

42.8±2.3 ++

18.2±2.76++

2.47±0.22++

Saline (0.5 ml/kg bw; 0.9% NaCl)

0.03±0.05++

19.6±1.15++

43.0±3.2++

19.0±3.9++

2.43±0.21++

KBrO3 (20 mg/kg bw)

25.7±1.84**

68.0±5.0**

100.0±1.2**

34.7±1.86**

15.7±1.89**

KBrO3+Rutin (50 mg/kg bw)

8.8±0.15**++

41.00±2.25**++

55.0±1.2++

24.7±1.86++

5.67±1.89++

KBrO3+Rutin (70 mg/kg bw)

2.3±0.12**++

22.5±1.3++

45.7±2.1++

20.6±1.25++

3.62±1.23++

Rutin alone (70 mg/kg bw)

2.0±0.95**++

18.66±0.95++

39.0±2.3++

17.33±3.71++

2.933±0.25++

  1. Mean ± SEM (n=6 number).
  2. *, ** indicate significance from the control group at P<0.05 and P<0.01 probability level.
  3. ++ indicate significance from the KBrO3 group at P<0.01 probability level.