Disease severity is associated with the use of complementary medicine to treat or manage type-2 diabetes: data from the 2002 and 2007 National Health Interview Survey

Nahin, Richard L; Byrd-Clark, Danita; Stussman, Barbara J; Kalyanaraman, Nilesh

doi:10.1186/1472-6882-12-193

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 1 Characteristics of sample adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: data from the 2002 and 2007 NHIS

From: Disease severity is associated with the use of complementary medicine to treat or manage type-2 diabetes: data from the 2002 and 2007 National Health Interview Survey

	Type 1 N=172*			Type 2 N=3978*
% of adult sample (S.E.)†	0.32 (0.03)			6.83 (0.14)
% of individuals with diabetes (S.E.)†	4.5 (.4)			95.5 (.4)
Weighted sample	689,758			14,642,272
	N*	%	S.E^.‡	N*	%†	S.E.^‡
Count of diabetes severity measures ^§
0-2	87	49.99	4.42	2835	76.66	0.84
>=3	84	50.01	4.79	945	23.34	0.84
DM Duration
1-< 5 years	10	5.04	2.26	1393	37.24	0.94
5-<10 years	12	6.72	2.13	856	23	0.95
>= 10 years	150	88.25	3.03	1610	39.77	1
Diabetes Medication use
None	0	0		580	16.08	0.76
Any use	172	100		3387	83.92	0.76
Functional limitation
No	125	76.47	3.87	3209	83.13	0.68
Yes	46	23.53	3.87	721	16.87	0.68
Weak or failing Kidneys
No	149	85.55	3.53	3690	93.25	0.5
Yes	23	14.45	3.53	279	6.75	0.5
Severe Vision Problem
No	118	69.47	4.43	3026	78.86	0.79
Yes	53	30.53	4.43	910	21.14	0.79
Gender
Male	73	44.15	4.49	1788	49.73	1.01
Female	99	55.85	4.49	2190	50.27	1.01
Age group
Age 18-44 yrs	95	57.82	4.73	473	12.68	0.7
Age 45-64 yrs	56	32.05	4.42	1726	47	0.98
Age 65+ yrs	21	10.13	2.43	1779	40.32	0.9
Education
Less than high school	36	21.39	4.16	1228	27.24	0.86
At least high school	135	78.61	4.16	2695	72.76	0.89
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	101	64.7	4.39	2255	65.26	0.99
Non-Hispanic black	32	15.67	3.38	822	15.69	0.68
Hispanic	30	14.85	3.07	687	12.48	0.62
Other races	9	4.78	1.75	214	6.56	0.61
Region of residence
Northeast	24	15.36	3.68	661	16.06	0.78
Midwest	44	25.14	3.9	868	23.35	1.02
South	69	40.82	4.71	1617	40.52	1.09
West	35	18.69	3.23	832	20.07	0.9
Health Insurance
Public Insurance	56	31.61	4.51	1429	30.17	0.9
Private Insurance	99	59.06	4.55	2172	60.21	1
No Insurance	16	9.33	2.81	366	9.62	0.62
Other health conditions ^\|\|
0-2	139	83.49	139	2774	70.1	0.91
3 or more	33	16.51	33	1204	29.9	0.91
BMI Level
BMI 0 - < 25	63	37.24	4.64	687	16.01	0.67
BMI 25 - < 30	36	19.65	3.65	1251	31.96	0.94
BMI >= 30	73	43.11	4.73	2040	52.03	0.96
Hypertension
No	97	57.32	4.71	1614	42.6	0.98
Yes	75	42.68	4.71	2350	57.4	0.98
Coronary heart disease
No	154	89.57	2.69	3489	88.12	0.64
Yes	19	10.43	2.69	458	11.88	0.64
Smoking status
Current	30	20.42	4.25	618	16.23	0.76
Former smoker	34	18.09	3.2	1382	35.49	0.98
Never smoker	107	61.49	4.73	1953	48.28	0.99
Alcohol use
Never/none	56	30.21	4.27	1242	29.01	0.91
Any	115	69.97	4.27	2703	70.99	0.91
Anxiety or Depression
No	124	72.26	4.39	2900	73.58	0.88
Yes	48	27.74	4.39	1068	26.42	0.88
Vigorous leisure activity
Unable to do or none	110	66.54	4.56	2877	77.44	0.95
Any per week	50	33.46	4.56	742	22.55	0.95
Perceived health status
Fair/poor	84	53.14	4.61	1771	43.28	1
Exc/VG/Good^¶	88	46.86	4.61	2204	56.72	1
Any CM Use to Treat or Manage Diabetes	13	7.06	2.27	141	3.43	0.37

* The unweighted number of participants belonging to each category.
† The denominator used in the calculation of percentages was the number of adults with type-2 Diabetes, defined as all participants with diabetes excluding those who were both diagnosed at age <25 and were currently being treated with insulin, who were classified as having type-1 diabetes. Estimates were age adjusted using the projected 2000 U.S. population as the standard population and using four age groups: 18–24 years, 25–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65 years and over.
‡ Standard Errors.
§ Based on the following six measures: 5 or more years since time of diagnosis, use of insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs, at least one functional limitation attributed to the diabetes, weak or failing kidneys, Coronary Heart Disease, and severe vision problems.
|| Includes all health conditions included in the NHIS except weak or failing kidney, severe vision problems, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and anxiety or depression.
¶ Excellent/Very Good/Good.

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