Figure 6

Effects of CTS and THA treatment on Akt, p-Akt, PKCα, p-PKCα/βII, and β-actin in the hippocampi of db/db mice. After completing the behavioral studies, the animals were decapitated and proteins were extracted from the hippocampi in each animal group. A) Typical photos indicating the expression levels of each factor in the hippocampus of vehicle-treated m/m (lane a), and vehicle (lane b)-, CTS (325 mg/kg per day: lane c; 750 mg/kg per day: lane d)-, and THA (2.5 mg/kg per day; lane e)-treated db/db mice. B) Quantitative comparisons of test drug-induced changes in Akt, p-Akt, PKCα, p-PKCα/βII, and β-actin in the hippocampi of db/db mice. The data are expressed as the percentage of the value obtained from naïve control m/m mice. Each data column represents the mean ± S.D. obtained from 5-6 brain samples. #P < 0.05 or ##P < 0.01 vs. vehicle-treated SAMR1 group (Student’s t-test). ##P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs. respective vehicle-treated db/db group (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test).