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Figure 4 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Figure 4

From: Chotosan ameliorates cognitive and emotional deficits in an animal model of type 2 diabetes: possible involvement of cholinergic and VEGF/PDGF mechanisms in the brain

Figure 4

Effects of CTS and THA on water maze performance of db/db mice. Learning performance of the animals was analyzed in the training test by latency (A) and swimming speed (B). Each data point indicates the mean ± S.D. for 6 – 9 animals in each group. ### P < 0.001 vs. vehicle-treated m/m group, and ** P < 0.01 vs. vehicle-treated db/db group (one-way repeated measures ANOVA). Memory retrieval performance (D) elucidated in the probe test. Each datum represents the mean of time spent in the target quadrant ± S.D. ### P < 0.001 vs. vehicle-treated m/m group (t-test). * P < 0.05 vs. respective vehicle-treated db/db group (one-way repeated measure ANOVA followed by Tukey test).

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