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Table 2 Outcome measures at 4 weeks and 12 weeks (adjusted means and 95% confidence intervals; adjusted for respective baseline value)

From: Pulsatile dry cupping in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee – a randomized controlled exploratory trial

Outcomes

Cupping (n = 21)

Control (n = 19)

p-value

Mean (95% CI)

Mean (95% CI)

At 4 weeks

WOMAC Global Score

27.7 (22.1; 33.3)

42.2 (36.3; 48.1)

0.001

- WOMAC Pain Subscore

25.8 (19.3; 32.3)

40.2 (33.4; 47.1)

0.004

- WOMAC Stiffness Subscore

37.2 (28.6; 45.8)

50.2 (41.2; 59.3)

0.041

- WOMAC Physical Function Subscore

27.0 (21.4; 32.6)

42.1 (36.2; 47.9)

0.001

VAS Pain

38.4 (30.5; 46.2)

55.0 (46.8; 63.2)

0.005

SF 36 - Physical Component Scale

36.0 (33.5; 38.6)

31.9 (29.2; 34.6)

0.030

SF 36 - Mental Component Scale

56.0 (52.3; 59.7)

52.7 (48.8; 56.6)

0.233

At 12 weeks

WOMAC Global Score

31.0 (24.9; 37.2)

40.8 (34.4; 47.3)

0.032

- WOMAC Pain Subscore

30.4 (22.5; 38.4)

40.5 (32.1; 48.8)

0.086

- WOMAC Stiffness Subscore

36.3 (28.4; 44.2)

47.8 (38.4; 56.1)

0.052

- WOMAC Physical Function Subscore

30.4 (24.3; 36.6)

40.3 (33.9; 46.8)

0.031

VAS Pain

41.0 (30.7; 51.4)

57.2 (46.3; 68.0)

0.036

SF 36 - Physical Component Scale

36.3 (32.9; 39.8)

30.2 (26.6; 33.9)

0.019

SF 36 - Mental Component Scale

53.2 (49.5; 56.9)

52.6 (48.7; 56.5)

0.831

  1. WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index (higher scores indicate worse condition), VAS = Visual Analogue Scale (0 mm = no pain to 100 mm = maximum intensity), SF 36 = The Short Form (36) Health Survey (Generic Quality of Life, (higher scores indicate higher QoL).