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Table 2 Antiplasmodial (APM) activity and selectivity index (SI) of leaf extracts of Apocynaceae species

From: Assessment of antiproliferative and antiplasmodial activities of five selected Apocynaceae species

Species

cLeaf extract

aEC50(μg/ml) of APM activity

bIC50(μg/ml) of APF activity

bSI of APM activity

  

K1

3D7

HepG2

MCF-7

HepG2

MCF-7

Alstonia angustiloba

HEX

7.81

-

    
 

DCM

-

-

    
 

DCM:MeOH

0.46

-

>25.0

>25.0

NC

NC

 

MeOH

6.46

-

    

Calotropis gigantea

HEX

5.82

-

    
 

DCM

-

-

    
 

DCM:MeOH

0.97

3.29

>25.0

16.8

NC

17.3

 

MeOH

-

-

    

Dyera costulata

HEX

-

-

    
 

DCM

-

8.31

    
 

DCM:MeOH

7.52

2.13

    
 

MeOH

7.74

3.56

    

Kopsia fruticosa

HEX

-

-

    
 

DCM

-

7.14

    
 

DCM:MeOH

4.35

-

    
 

MeOH

1.01

-

    

Vallaris glabra

HEX

1.00

-

>25.0

>25.0

NC

NC

 

DCM

0.85

-

>25.0

12.0

NC

14.1

 

DCM:MeOH

8.45

-

    
 

MeOH

8.42

-

    

d Standard drug

      

Artemisinin

0.001

0.001

    

Mefloquine

0.008

0.018

    
  1. a EC50 or effective concentration (μg/ml) is the extract concentration that kills 50% of malaria parasites. Activity is not effective (-) if EC50 value >10 μg/ml. K1 and 3D7 are chloroquine-resistant and chloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum, respectively.
  2. b IC50 of antiproliferative (APF) activity and SI of APM activity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cells were calculated only for the most potent extracts against K1 strain with EC50 ≤1.00 μg/ml. NC, non-cytotoxic with SI values >25.0.
  3. c HEX, hexane; MeOH, methanol; DCM, dichloromethane.
  4. d Standard drugs of artemisinin and mefloquine are used as positive controls.