Figure 3

(A). Represents effect of flavonoidal fraction on glucose stimulated insulin secretion in RINm5F cells. RINm5F cells were either cultured in basal (4.5 mM) or stimulated (16.7 mM) glucose concentrations in presence of fractions. Insulin secretion was quantified using Rat Insulin ELISA kit. Values are expressed as ± SEM in triplicates where • = p < 0.01, ■ = p < 0.001, ♦ = p < 0.0001 when 4.5 mM glucose group was compared to FRF 10, 50, 100, 250 and α = p < 0.01, β = p < 0.01, δ = p < 0.01 when 16.7 mM glucose group was compared to FRF 10, 50, 100, 250 group.(B) Represents effect of flavonoid fraction on glucose uptake in C2C12 cells. Differentiated C2C12 cells were incubated with or without 100 nM of insulin along with flavonoidal fraction. Glucose uptake was measured by using 2NBDG fluorescent probe. Values are expressed as ± SEM in triplicates where • = p < 0.01, ■ = p < 0.001, ♦ = p < 0.0001 when control was compared with rest of the groups and α = p < 0.01, β = p < 0.01, δ = p < 0.01: Insulin was compared to rest of the groups. (C) Represents effect of flavonoidal fraction on insulin secretion on isolated mouse islets. Islets were either cultured in basal (4.5 mM) or stimulated (16.7 mM) glucose concentrations in presence of flavonoidal fraction. Insulin secretion was quantified using Mouse Insulin ELISA kit. Values are expressed as ± SEM in triplicates where • = p < 0.01, ■ = p < 0.001, ♦ = p < 0.0001 when 4.5 mM glucose group was compared to FRF 10, 50, 100, 250 groups and α = p < 0.01, β = p < 0.01, δ = p < 0.01 when 16.7 mM glucose group was compared to FRF 10, 50, 100, 250. (D) Represents effect of flavonoidal fraction on cAMP levels in mouse islets. Cultured islets were exposed to 11.1 mM for 60 min in the presence of phosphodiesterase inhibitor (1 mM IBMX) along with flavonoidal fraction. Values are expressed as ± SEM in triplicates where α = p < 0.01, β = p < 0.01, δ = p < 0.01 when 16.7 mM glucose group was compared to its 10, 50, 100, 250 groups and ➊ = p < 0.01, ➋ = p < 0.01, ➌ = p < 0.01 when 11.1 mM glucose + IBMX group was compared to its 10, 50, 100, 250 groups.