Rose hip and its constituent galactolipids confer cartilage protection by modulating cytokine, and chemokine expression

Table 6 Effect of RHP and GLGPG on gene expression in NHAC-kn cells

Gene	C_T ^a	IL-1β	IL-1β + RHP (250 mg/L)		IL-1β + GLGPG (9.7 mg/L)
		fold change	fold change	p value^b	fold change	p value^b
MMP-1	29.5	22.8	10.4	0.008	20.0	0.418
MMP-2	23.4	0.8	0.6	0.249	0.8	0.332
MMP-3	28.1	167	89	0.048	128	0.135
MMP-9	29.6	7.2	6.0	0.025	5.0	0.203
MMP-13	28.1	2.2	1.3	0.048	2.0	0.135
ADAMTS-4	29.5	20.0	21.7	0.460	14.6	0.103
ADAMTS-5	21.7	1.3	0.9	0.011	1.7	0.148
TIMP-1	17.2	1.2	0.9	0.052	1.1	0.215
Aggrecan	28.8	1.0	0.8	0.196	1.1	0.340
Collagen 1	18.0	0.7	0.5	0.05	0.8	0.30
COL2A1	22.2	1.0	0.5	0.137	1.2	0.325
MIP-2	29.9	441	110	0.082	626	0.147
MIP-3α	30.0	481	271	0.007	436	0.126
CCL5/RANTES	26.7	87	42.0	0.009	54	0.046
IL-8	26.3	799	168	0.002	760	0.356
CXCL10/IP-10	nd^c
IL-1β	31.3	1078	530	0.002	505	0.085
IL-6	29.8	2011	1048	0.069	1927	0.226
IL-1Ra	28.4	1.2	0.6	0.107	1.2	0.272
IL-1RI	22.6	0.9	0.5	< 0.001	0.8	0.301
TNF-α	nd^c
iNOS	nd^c
COX-2	26.58	133	48.3	0.11	186	0.03
LIF	23.8	35.2	19.2	0.003	28.9	0.239

IL-1β -stimulated cells were cultured with 31.3 - 1000 mg/L RHP or 1.2 - 38.7 mg/L of GLGPG for 4 h and gene expression was quantified by RT-PCR. Fold changes were calculated as indicated in Materials and Methods. Only the effects of 250 mg/L RHP and 9.7 mg/L GLGPG are shown.
^aC_T = cycle threshold (C_T < 22 = high basal gene expression; 23 < C_T < 30 = intermediate basal gene expression; C_T > 30 = low basal gene expression).
^b p value = significance value between (IL-1β)- and (IL-1β + substance) -treatment
^cnd = not done

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