Paper and study type | Nation | Type of acupuncture | Theory and rationale | Treatment area and acupuncture points | Treatment sessions | Treatment duration (min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carlsson (2001) RCT [30] | Sweden | Disposable, stainless steel, diameter between 0.30 mm and 0.32 mm, length between 30 mm and 70 mm | Not-mentioned | Lower back lower limbs, forearms or hands (Bladder and large intestine acupuncture points) | 8 session per 8 weeks | 20 minutes |
Leibing (2002) RCT [34] | Germany | Wrapped one-way stainless steel, sterilised needle diameter 0.30 mm length40 mm | Traditional Chinese medicine | Body and ear (Governor Vessel, bladder, gall bladder, spleen acupuncture points) | 20 session per 12 weeks | 30 minutes |
Kerr (2003) RCT [32] | Northern Ireland | Not-mentioned | Not-mentioned | Bladder, gall bladder, kidney meridian and governor vessel acupuncture points | 6 session per 6 weeks | 30 minutes |
Meng (2003) [35] | USA | Disposable, sterile 30-gauge needles | Traditional Chinese medicine | Urinary bladder meridian | 10 session per 5 weeks | Not-mentioned |
Thomas (2006) Pragmatic RCT [25] | UK | Sterilised, disposable needle, needle length and diameter were not predefined | Not-mentioned | Bladder, gall bladder meridian acupuncture points | 10 session per 3 months | Not-mentioned |
Brinkhaus (2006) RCT [29] | Germany | Sterile, disposable needle length 50 mm | Not-mentioned | bladder, governor Vessel, small intestine, bladder, kidney, gall bladder meridian acupuncture points | 12 session per 8 weeks | 30 minutes |
Kwon RCT (2007) [33] | S. Korea | Disposable stainless needle | Donguibogam | Gall bladder, small intestine, bladder meridian acupuncture points | 12 session per 4 weeks | 20 minutes |
HIRA (2009) [30] | S. Korea | 40 mm length, 0.30 mm width, stainless steel metal | Acupuncture (Textbook) | Bladder, Du mai channel, small intestine, gallbladder, channel etc. | Not-mentioned | 20 minutes |