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Table 6 Immune function means (± SD), minima and maxima by dosage level, gender and smoking status.

From: A forced titration study of the antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of Ambrotose AO supplement

Secondary Outcome Measures

  

Non Smoker

Smoker

   

N

Mean

SD

Min

Max

N

Mean

SD

Min

Max

Mature t cell Number

Male

Baseline 1

5

1.52

0.31

1.10

1.77

3

2.18

0.62

1.74

2.62

  

Baseline 2

5

1.56

0.31

1.19

1.99

3

1.75

0.07

1.68

1.82

  

Dose 1

5

1.56

0.29

1.23

1.82

3

1.97

0.28

1.69

2.25

  

Dose 2

5

1.50

0.40

1.12

1.99

3

1.81

0.16

1.63

1.94

  

Dose 4

5

1.56

0.56

1.11

2.31

3

1.93

0.25

1.64

2.12

  

Dose 8

5

1.65

0.54

1.21

2.37

3

2.20

0.39

1.84

2.62

 

Female

Baseline 1

8

1.56

0.46

1.00

2.17

6

2.01

0.68

0.97

2.76

  

Baseline 2

8

1.59

0.34

1.09

1.99

6

2.01

0.70

0.95

2.98

  

Dose 1

8

1.56

0.29

1.07

1.93

6

1.99

0.74

0.80

2.75

  

Dose 2

8

1.68

0.39

0.99

2.12

6

1.99

0.67

0.86

2.76

  

Dose 4

8

1.55

0.35

0.95

1.97

6

1.99

0.77

0.89

2.97

  

Dose 8

8

1.63

0.46

1.02

2.26

6

1.85

0.74

1.11

2.87

Mature b cell number

Male

Baseline 1

5

0.24

0.08

0.17

0.36

3

0.50

0.15

0.39

0.60

  

Baseline 2

5

0.22

0.06

0.16

0.31

3

0.37

0.16

0.26

0.55

  

Dose 1

5

0.25

0.10

0.14

0.36

3

0.39

0.11

0.32

0.52

  

Dose 2

5

0.22

0.06

0.14

0.28

3

0.36

0.14

0.27

0.52

  

Dose 4

5

0.22

0.06

0.15

0.30

3

0.36

0.15

0.27

0.53

  

Dose 8

5

0.22

0.05

0.19

0.30

3

0.42

0.18

0.29

0.63

 

Female

Baseline 1

8

0.24

0.05

0.17

0.34

6

0.39

0.17

0.23

0.59

  

Baseline 2

8

0.24

0.05

0.16

0.29

6

0.32

0.16

0.11

0.53

  

Dose 1

8

0.25

0.08

0.15

0.37

6

0.32

0.13

0.14

0.50

  

Dose 2

8

0.26

0.08

0.16

0.38

6

0.33

0.14

0.17

0.54

  

Dose 4

8

0.24

0.06

0.15

0.34

6

0.35

0.20

0.11

0.60

  

Dose 8

8

0.25

0.05

0.18

0.30

6

0.34

0.17

0.12

0.49

Helper t cell number

Male

Baseline 1

5

0.99

0.30

0.58

1.23

3

1.27

0.18

1.14

1.40

  

Baseline 2

5

0.98

0.31

0.69

1.40

3

1.19

0.31

0.88

1.50

  

Dose 1

5

1.01

0.31

0.59

1.28

3

1.32

0.23

1.13

1.58

  

Dose 2

5

0.99

0.39

0.63

1.43

3

1.21

0.28

0.99

1.53

  

Dose 4

5

1.02

0.47

0.58

1.61

3

1.29

0.37

1.06

1.71

  

Dose 8

5

1.09

0.52

0.64

1.76

3

1.53

0.53

1.22

2.14

 

Female

Baseline 1

8

0.96

0.29

0.70

1.46

6

1.24

0.39

0.60

1.61

  

Baseline 2

8

1.00

0.22

0.73

1.29

6

1.24

0.38

0.61

1.59

  

Dose 1

8

0.97

0.15

0.73

1.20

6

1.24

0.46

0.52

1.83

  

Dose 2

8

1.06

0.23

0.66

1.33

6

1.23

0.39

0.56

1.75

  

Dose 4

8

0.98

0.21

0.62

1.18

6

1.25

0.49

0.59

2.06

  

Dose 8

8

1.02

0.27

0.61

1.29

6

1.10

0.29

0.75

1.44

Suppressant t cell number

Male

Baseline 1

5

0.47

0.12

0.28

0.59

3

0.77

0.54

0.39

1.15

  

Baseline 2

5

0.54

0.19

0.28

0.81

3

0.54

0.25

0.38

0.83

  

Dose 1

5

0.51

0.17

0.27

0.75

3

0.61

0.31

0.42

0.96

  

Dose 2

5

0.50

0.17

0.31

0.70

3

0.55

0.23

0.37

0.81

  

Dose 4

5

0.52

0.19

0.29

0.72

3

0.59

0.26

0.43

0.89

  

Dose 8

5

0.53

0.17

0.31

0.66

3

0.63

0.18

0.49

0.84

 

Female

Baseline 1

8

0.55

0.20

0.30

0.89

6

0.77

0.43

0.36

1.50

  

Baseline 2

8

0.53

0.16

0.31

0.80

6

0.74

0.45

0.33

1.62

  

Dose 1

8

0.54

0.15

0.34

0.79

6

0.72

0.42

0.27

1.50

  

Dose 2

8

0.55

0.19

0.30

0.86

6

0.72

0.42

0.29

1.51

  

Dose 4

8

0.53

0.16

0.32

0.81

6

0.73

0.41

0.29

1.45

  

Dose 8

8

0.56

0.24

0.31

0.98

6

0.77

0.54

0.33

1.55

Natural killer cell number

Male

Baseline 1

5

0.20

0.14

0.08

0.44

3

0.36

0.02

0.34

0.37

  

Baseline 2

5

0.22

0.16

0.12

0.50

3

0.27

0.04

0.24

0.31

  

Dose 1

5

0.19

0.13

0.11

0.41

3

0.29

0.02

0.28

0.32

  

Dose 2

5

0.13

0.04

0.09

0.17

3

0.29

0.03

0.26

0.31

  

Dose 4

5

0.16

0.06

0.10

0.21

3

0.30

0.03

0.27

0.32

  

Dose 8

5

0.17

0.08

0.07

0.24

3

0.34

0.12

0.26

0.48

 

Female

Baseline 1

8

0.18

0.08

0.10

0.32

6

0.21

0.12

0.12

0.41

  

Baseline 2

8

0.18

0.06

0.10

0.28

6

0.25

0.15

0.10

0.50

  

Dose 1

8

0.19

0.08

0.10

0.35

6

0.21

0.09

0.12

0.37

  

Dose 2

8

0.20

0.07

0.11

0.29

6

0.24

0.12

0.11

0.45

  

Dose 4

8

0.17

0.06

0.10

0.26

6

0.25

0.09

0.14

0.37

  

Dose 8

8

0.18

0.09

0.09

0.31

6

0.32

0.18

0.14

0.56

Phagocytosis of Granulocytes

Male

Baseline 1

5

37.1

6.0

31.0

44.4

3

40.6

1.3

39.6

41.5

  

Baseline 2

5

47.6

5.1

39.6

53.2

3

40.4

8.4

31.0

47.2

  

Dose 1

5

35.4

3.1

33.0

39.8

3

48.0

4.9

42.4

51.6

  

Dose 2

5

48.8

14.3

27.5

58.1

3

49.2

15.0

32.8

62.2

  

Dose 4

5

40.4

6.3

30.9

44.5

3

38.6

3.0

35.2

40.6

  

Dose 8

5

48.6

3.4

44.5

51.5

3

48.1

5.5

43.7

54.2

 

Female

Baseline 1

8

38.8

10.1

27.6

57.3

6

40.0

8.8

27.1

49.3

  

Baseline 2

8

51.4

7.4

37.6

60.7

6

53.8

8.0

46.0

65.2

  

Dose 1

8

49.3

13.3

33.3

75.7

6

46.3

9.0

32.9

57.9

  

Dose 2

8

46.0

13.9

26.6

64.2

6

51.4

13.8

28.6

65.9

  

Dose 4

8

39.5

7.3

34.8

51.7

6

48.5

8.8

36.2

58.6

  

Dose 8

8

50.9

8.9

39.5

63.7

6

56.3

6.7

47.0

61.9

Phagocytosis of monocytes

Male

Baseline 1

5

31.1

4.5

24.9

35.6

3

29.1

3.5

26.6

31.5

  

Baseline 2

5

35.5

2.2

33.3

38.9

3

30.4

9.4

23.9

41.2

  

Dose 1

5

27.1

3.2

23.5

32.0

3

35.3

3.1

31.9

38.0

  

Dose 2

5

38.4

10.8

22.5

45.7

3

35.4

10.1

25.8

46.0

  

Dose 4

5

31.8

5.7

25.1

37.6

3

27.4

1.4

25.8

28.3

  

Dose 8

5

37.6

1.8

35.8

39.7

3

32.4

5.4

26.5

37.2

 

Female

Baseline 1

8

34.7

8.4

20.0

47.3

6

32.4

5.1

25.3

39.2

  

Baseline 2

8

39.5

7.7

28.9

47.7

6

39.3

5.4

30.3

45.1

  

Dose 1

8

35.5

8.1

26.0

49.0

6

34.6

6.5

24.8

42.6

  

Dose 2

8

33.1

7.3

22.5

45.3

6

33.8

9.5

21.5

49.8

  

Dose 4

8

30.9

4.6

25.0

38.6

6

36.2

7.5

30.5

49.8

  

Dose 8

8

32.5

5.5

24.0

39.9

6

34.5

8.8

24.4

44.8

Natural killer cell cytotoxicity

Male

Baseline 1

5

15.5

6.0

10.6

25.2

3

22.0

0.9

21.3

22.6

  

Baseline 2

5

18.7

5.4

11.0

25.4

3

22.8

17.0

10.7

34.8

  

Dose 1

5

18.1

6.8

10.4

24.8

3

22.4

4.5

17.6

26.5

  

Dose 2

5

13.7

4.8

7.5

19.3

3

21.8

3.9

17.3

24.7

  

Dose 4

5

14.1

4.1

8.9

19.0

3

23.5

6.6

17.6

30.6

  

Dose 8

5

15.1

2.8

11.3

17.8

3

23.2

6.0

19.6

30.1

 

Female

Baseline 1

8

14.8

5.9

9.1

24.0

6

15.1

4.5

10.6

21.5

  

Baseline 2

8

13.9

5.7

8.7

25.6

6

16.5

6.6

8.6

23.4

  

Dose 1

8

15.0

5.3

8.9

24.6

6

16.4

4.9

10.4

23.9

  

Dose 2

8

14.1

5.2

8.6

21.6

6

16.6

4.5

10.0

20.8

  

Dose 4

8

13.4

4.3

7.6

19.1

6

13.3

5.5

4.1

19.3

  

Dose 8

8

12.5

5.0

7.8

19.1

6

15.9

7.5

10.5

26.5

Cox 2

Male

Baseline 1

5

78.0

8.9

67.8

89.6

3

83.6

3.9

80.8

86.3

  

Baseline 2

5

82.9

2.9

79.7

85.3

3

83.0

2.2

80.6

85.0

  

Dose 1

5

82.6

3.1

79.0

86.4

3

85.1

4.1

82.5

89.9

  

Dose 2

5

83.2

1.4

82.2

85.3

3

79.6

2.2

78.1

82.1

  

Dose 4

5

78.2

5.1

73.8

85.2

3

84.8

5.0

80.9

90.5

  

Dose 8

5

79.4

3.6

75.4

83.5

3

85.8

8.5

76.2

92.5

 

Female

Baseline 1

8

78.9

5.9

71.8

87.9

6

80.2

5.4

76.3

89.4

  

Baseline 2

8

81.0

5.5

72.0

88.5

6

79.2

9.1

61.9

85.8

  

Dose 1

8

82.6

3.5

75.9

88.0

6

85.9

3.0

82.7

90.3

  

Dose 2

8

83.6

3.8

77.3

89.2

6

81.3

4.0

74.8

86.0

  

Dose 4

8

81.0

4.3

73.4

85.2

6

83.7

4.8

78.4

92.3

  

Dose 8

8

81.3

5.2

76.1

90.1

6

82.7

5.5

76.9

87.6

  1. Baseline 1 and 2 were taken prior to the administration of study preparation.